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If you want to build dynamic webpages, you’ll have to supplement your HTML and CSS knowledge with an understanding of JavaScript. This scripting language is considered an essential in modern web development.
You can build all kinds of interesting interactive apps and websites with JavaScript, but there’s much to learn on the way. With that in mind, we have created the following JavaScript cheat sheet for you.
The cheat sheet can serve as a quick refresher on JavaScript elements any time you need one. It’s handy for newbies and experts alike.
FREE DOWNLOAD: This cheat sheet is available as a downloadable PDF from our distribution partner, TradePub. You will have to complete a short form to access it for the first time only. Download The Ultimate JavaScript Cheat Sheet.
| Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| JavaScript Arrays | |
| concat() | Join several arrays into one |
| copyWithin() | Copy array elements within the array, to and from specified positions |
| indexOf() | Return the primitive value of the specified object |
| includes() | Check if an array contains the specified element |
| join() | Combine elements of an array into a single string and return the string |
| entries() | Return a key/value pair Array Iteration Object |
| every() | Check if every element in an array passes a test |
| fill() | Fill the elements in an array with a static value |
| filter() | Create a new array with every element in an array that pass a test |
| find() | Return the value of the first element in an array that pass a test |
| forEach() | Call a function for each array element |
| from() | Create an array from an object |
| lastIndexOf() | Give the last position at which a given element appears in an array |
| pop() | Remove the last element of an array |
| push() | Add a new element at the end |
| reverse() | Sort elements in descending order |
| reduce() | Reduce the values of an array to a single value (going left-to-right) |
| reduceRight() | Reduce the values of an array to a single value (going right-to-left) |
| shift() | Remove the first element of an array |
| slice() | Pull a copy of a portion of an array into a new array object |
| sort() | Sort elements alphabetically |
| splice() | Add elements in a specified way and position |
| unshift() | Add a new element to the beginning |
| JavaScript Boolean Methods | |
| toString() | Convert a Boolean value to a string, and return the result |
| valueOf() | Return the first position at which a given element appears in an array |
| toSource() | Return a string representing the source code of the object |
| JavaScript Arithmetic Operators | |
| + | Addition |
| - | Subtraction |
| * | Multiplication |
| / | Division |
| (...) | Grouping operator (operations within brackets are executed earlier than those outside) |
| % | Modulus (remainder) |
| ++ | Increment numbers |
| -- | Decrement numbers |
| == | Equal to |
| === | Equal value and equal type |
| != | Not equal |
| !== | Not equal value or not equal type |
| > | Greater than |
| < | Lesser than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| <= | Lesser than or equal to |
| ? | Ternary operator |
| Logical Operators | |
| && | Logical AND |
| || | Logical OR |
| ! | Logical NOT |
| Bitwise Operators | |
| & | AND statement |
| | | OR statement |
| ~ | NOT |
| ^ | XOR |
| << | Left shift |
| >> | Right shift |
| >>> | Zero fill right shift |
| Functions | |
| alert() | Output data in an alert box in the browser window |
| confirm() | Open up a yes/no dialog and return true/false depending on user click |
| console.log() | Write information to the browser console (good for debugging purposes) |
| document.write() | Write directly to the HTML document |
| prompt() | Create a dialog for user input |
| Global Functions | |
| decodeURI() | Decode a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) created by encodeURI or similar |
| decodeURIComponent() | Decode a URI component |
| encodeURI() | Encode a URI into UTF-8 |
| encodeURIComponent() | Same but for URI components |
| eval() | Evaluate JavaScript code represented as a string |
| isFinite() | Determine whether a passed value is a finite number |
| isNaN() | Determine whether a value is an illegal number |
| Number() | Convert an object's value to a number |
| parseFloat() | Parse a string and return a floating point number |
| parseInt() | Parse a string and return an integer |
| JavaScript Loops | |
| for | The most common way to create a loop in JavaScript |
| while | Set up conditions under which a loop executes |
| do while | Similar to the while loop, however, it executes at least once and performs a check at the end to see if the condition is met to execute again |
| break | Stop and exit the cycle if certain conditions are mets |
| continue | Skip parts of the cycle if certain conditions are met |
| Escape Characters | |
| \' | Single quote |
| \" | Double quote |
| \\ | Backslash |
| \b | Backspace |
| \f | Form feed |
| \n | New line |
| \r | Carriage return |
| \t | Horizontal tabulator |
| \v | Vertical tabulator |
| JavaScript String Methods | |
| charAt() | Return a character at a specified position inside a string |
| charCodeAt() | Give the unicode of character at that position |
| concat() | Concatenate (join) two or more strings into one |
| fromCharCode() | Return a string created from the specified sequence of UTF-16 code units |
| indexOf() | Provide the position of the first occurrence of specified text within a string |
| lastIndexOf() | Same as indexOf() but with the last occurrence, searching backwards |
| match() | Retrieve the matches of a string against a search pattern |
| replace() | Find and replace specified text in a string |
| search() | Execute a search for a matching text and return its position |
| slice() | Extract a section of a string and return it as a new string |
| split() | Split a string object into an array of strings at a specified position |
| startsWith() | Check whether a string begins with specified characters |
| substr() | Similar to slice() but extracts a substring depended on a specified number of characters |
| substring() | Similar to slice() but can’t accept negative indices |
| toLowerCase() | Convert strings to lower case |
| toUpperCase() | Convert strings to upper case |
| valueOf() | Return the primitive value (that has no properties or methods) of a string object |
| REGULAR EXPRESSION SYNTAX Pattern Modifiers |
|
| e | Evaluate replacement |
| i | Perform case-insensitive matching |
| g | Perform global matching |
| m | Perform multiple line matching |
| s | Treat strings as single line |
| x | Allow comments and whitespace in pattern |
| U | Ungreedy pattern |
| Brackets | |
| [abc] | Find any of the characters in the brackets |
| [^abc] | Find any character not in the brackets |
| [0-9] | Find digit specified in the brackets |
| [A-z] | Find any character from uppercase A to lowercase z |
| (a|b|c) | Find any of the alternatives separated with | |
| Metacharacters | |
| . | Find a single character, except newline or line terminator |
| \w | Word character |
| \W | Non-word character |
| \d | A digit |
| \D | A non-digit character |
| \s | Whitespace character |
| \S | Non-whitespace character |
| \b | Find a match at the beginning/end of a word |
| \B | Find a match not at the beginning/end of a word |
| \u0000 | NUL character |
| \n | A new line character |
| \f | Form feed character |
| \r | Carriage return character |
| \t | Tab character |
| \v | Vertical tab character |
| \xxx | Character specified by an octal number xxx |
| \xdd | Latin character specified by a hexadecimal number dd |
| \udddd | Unicode character specified by a hexadecimal number dddd |
| Quantifiers | |
| n+ | Match any string that contains at least one n |
| n* | Any string that contains zero or more occurrences of n |
| n? | Any string that contains zero or one occurrences of n |
| n{X} | Any string that contains a sequence of X n’s |
| n{X,Y} | Strings that contains a sequence of X to Y n’s |
| n{X,} | Matches any string that contains a sequence of at least X n’s |
| n$ | Any string with n at the end of it |
| ^n | String with n at the beginning of it |
| ?=n | Any string that is followed by a specific string n |
| ?!n | String that is not followed by a specific string n |
| Number Properties | |
| MAX_VALUE | Maximum numeric value representable in JavaScript |
| MIN_VALUE | Smallest positive numeric value representable in JavaScript |
| NaN | The “Not-a-Number” value |
| NEGATIVE_INFINITY | Negative Infinity value |
| POSITIVE_INFINITY | Positive Infinity value |
| Number Methods | |
| toExponential() | Return a string with a rounded number written as exponential notation |
| toFixed() | Return string of a number with a specified number of decimals |
| toPrecision() | Return string of a number written with a specified length |
| toString() | Return a number as a string |
| valueOf() | Return a number as a number |
| Math Properties | |
| E | Euler’s number |
| LN2 | Natural logarithm of 2 |
| LN10 | Natural logarithm of 10 |
| LOG2E | Base 2 logarithm of E |
| LOG10E | Base 10 logarithm of E |
| PI | The number PI |
| SQRT1_2 | Square root of 1/2 |
| SQRT2 | Square root of 2 |
| Math Methods | |
| abs(x) | Return the absolute (positive) value of x |
| acos(x) | Arccosine of x, in radians |
| asin(x) | Arcsine of x, in radians |
| atan(x) | Arctangent of x as a numeric value |
| atan2(y,x) | Arctangent of the quotient of its arguments |
| ceil(x) | Value of x rounded up to its nearest integer |
| cos(x) | Cosine of x (x is in radians) |
| exp(x) | Value of Ex |
| floor(x) | Value of x rounded down to its nearest integer |
| log(x) | Natural logarithm (base E) of x |
| max(x,y,z,...,n) | Number with highest value |
| min(x,y,z,...,n) | Number with lowest value |
| pow(x,y) | X to the power of y |
| random() | Random number between 0 and 1 |
| round(x) | Value of x rounded to its nearest integer |
| sin(x) | Sine of x (x is in radians) |
| sqrt(x) | Square root of x |
| tan(x) | Tangent of an angle |
| Dates | |
| Date() | Create a new date object with the current date and time |
| Date(2017, 5, 21, 3, 23, 10, 0) | Create a custom date object. The numbers represent year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds, milliseconds. You can omit anything you want except for year and month. |
| Date(“2017-06-23”) | Date declaration as a string |
| getDate() | Get the day of the month as a number (1-31) |
| getDay() | Get the weekday as a number (0-6) |
| getFullYear() | Get the year as a four digit number (yyyy) |
| getHours() | Get the hour (0-23) |
| getMilliseconds() | Get the millisecond (0-999) |
| getMinutes() | Get the minute (0-59) |
| getMonth() | Get the month as a number (0-11) |
| getSeconds() | Get the second (0-59) |
| getTime() | Get the time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970) |
| getUTCDate() | Day (date) of the month in the specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, fullyear, hours, minutes etc.) |
| parse | Parse a string representation of a date, and return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970 |
| setDate() | Set the day as a number (1-31) |
| setFullYear() | Set the year (optionally month and day) |
| setHours() | Set the hour (0-23) |
| setMilliseconds() | Set the milliseconds (0-999) |
| setMinutes() | Set the minutes (0-59) |
| setMonth() | Set the month (0-11) |
| setSeconds() | Set the seconds (0-59) |
| setTime() | Set the time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970) |
| setUTCDate() | Set the day of the month for a specified date according to universal time (also available for day, month, fullyear, hours, minutes etc.) |
| DOM MODE
Node Properties |
|
| attributes | Live collection of all attributes registered to an element |
| baseURI | Absolute base URL of an HTML element |
| childNodes | Collection of an element’s child nodes |
| firstChild | First child node of an element |
| lastChild | Last child node of an element |
| nextSibling | Next node at the same node tree level |
| nodeName | Name of a node |
| nodeType | Type of a node |
| nodeValue | Value of a node |
| ownerDocument | Top-level document object for current node |
| parentNode | Parent node of an element |
| previousSibling | Node immediately preceding the current one |
| textContent | Textual content of a node and its descendants |
| Node Methods | |
| appendChild() | Add a new child node to an element as the last child node |
| cloneNode() | Clone HTML element |
| compareDocumentPosition() | Compare the document position of two elements |
| getFeature() | Return an object which implements the APIs of a specified feature |
| hasAttributes() | Return true if an element has any attributes, else return false |
| hasChildNodes() | Return true if an element has any child nodes, else return false |
| insertBefore() | Insert a new child node before a specified, existing child node |
| isDefaultNamespace() | Return true if a specified namespaceURI is the default, else return false |
| isEqualNode() | Check if two elements are equal |
| isSameNode() | Check if two elements are the same node |
| isSupported() | Return true if a specified feature is supported on the element |
| lookupNamespaceURI() | Return the namespaceURI associated with a given node |
| lookupPrefix() | Return a DOMString containing the prefix for a given namespaceURI, if present |
| normalize() | Join adjacent text nodes and remove empty text nodes in an element |
| removeChild() | Remove a child node from an element |
| replaceChild() | Replace a child node in an element |
| Element Methods | |
| getAttribute() | Return the specified attribute value of an element node |
| getAttributeNS() | Return string value of the attribute with the specified namespace and name |
| getAttributeNode() | Get the the specified attribute node |
| getAttributeNodeNS() | Return the attribute node for the attribute with the given namespace and name |
| getElementsByTagName() | Provide a collection of all child elements with the specified tag name |
| getElementsByTagNameNS() | Return a live HTML collection of elements with a certain tag name belonging to the given namespace |
| hasAttribute() | Return true if an element has any attributes, else return false |
| hasAttributeNS() | Provide a true/false value indicating whether the current element in a given namespace has the specified attribute |
| removeAttribute() | Remove a specified attribute from an element |
| removeAttributeNS() | Remove the specified attribute from an element within a certain namespace |
| removeAttributeNode() | Take away a specified attribute node and return the removed node |
| setAttribute() | Set or change the specified attribute to a specified value |
| setAttributeNS() | Add a new attribute or change the value of an attribute with the given namespace and name |
| setAttributeNode() | Set or change the specified attribute node |
| setAttributeNodeNS() | Add a new namespaced attribute node to an element |
| Browser Window Properties | |
| closed | Check whether a window has been closed or not and return true or false |
| defaultStatus | Set or return the default text in the statusbar of a window |
| document | Return the document object for the window |
| frames | Return all iframe elements in the current window |
| history | Provide the History object for the window |
| innerHeight | Inner height of a window’s content area |
| innerWidth | Inner width of the content area |
| length | Return the number of iframe elements in the window |
| location | Return the location object for the window |
| name | Set or return the name of a window |
| navigator | Return the Navigator object for the window |
| opener | Return a reference to the window that created the window |
| outerHeight | Outer height of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars |
| outerWidth | Outer width of a window, including toolbars/scrollbars |
| pageXOffset | Number of pixels by which the document has been scrolled horizontally |
| pageYOffset | Number of pixels by which the document has been scrolled vertically |
| parent | Parent window of the current window |
| screen | Return the Screen object for the window |
| screenLeft | Horizontal coordinate of the window (relative to screen) |
| screenTop | Vertical coordinate of the window |
| screenX | Same as screenLeft but needed for some browsers |
| screenY | Same as screenTop but needed for some browsers |
| self | Return the current window |
| status | Set or return the text in the statusbar of a window |
| top | Return the topmost browser window |
| Browser Window Methods | |
| alert() | Display an alert box with a message and an OK button |
| blur() | Remove focus from the current window |
| clearInterval() | Clear a timer set with setInterval() |
| clearTimeout() | Clear a timer set with setTimeout() |
| close() | Close the current window |
| confirm() | Display a dialog box with a message and OK and Cancel buttons |
| focus() | Set focus to the current window |
| moveBy() | Move a window relative to its current position |
| moveTo() | Move a window to a specified position |
| open() | Open a new browser window |
| print() | Print the content of the current window |
| prompt() | Display a dialog box that prompts the visitor for input |
| resizeBy() | Resize the window by the specified number of pixels |
| resizeTo() | Resize the window to a specified width and height |
| scrollBy() | Scroll the document by a specified number of pixels |
| scrollTo() | Scroll the document to specified coordinates |
| setInterval() | Call a function or evaluate an expression at specified intervals |
| setTimeout() | Call a function or evaluate an expression after a specified interval |
| stop() | Stop the window from loading |
| Screen Properties | |
| availHeight | Return the height of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar) |
| availWidth | Return the width of the screen (excluding the Windows Taskbar) |
| colorDepth | Return the bit depth of the color palette for displaying images |
| height | The total height of the screen |
| pixelDepth | The color resolution of the screen in bits per pixel |
| width | The total width of the screen |
| JAVASCRIPT EVENTS JavaScript Mouse Events |
|
| onclick | When user clicks on an element |
| oncontextmenu | When user right-clicks on an element to open a context menu |
| ondblclick | When user double-clicks on an element |
| onmousedown | When user presses a mouse button over an element |
| onmouseenter | When user moves pointer onto an element |
| onmouseleave | When user moves pointer away from an element |
| onmousemove | When user moves pointer while it is over an element |
| onmouseover | When user moves pointer onto an element or one of its children |
| onmouseout | When user moves pointer away from an element or one of its children |
| onmouseup | When user releases a mouse button while over an element |
| JavaScript Keyboard Events | |
| onkeydown | When user is pressing a key down |
| onkeypress | When user starts pressing a key |
| onkeyup | When user releases a key |
| JavaScript Frame Events | |
| onabort | When loading of media is aborted |
| onbeforeunload | Before the document is about to be unloaded |
| onerror | When an error occurs while loading an external file |
| onhashchange | When the anchor part of a URL has changed |
| onload | When an object has loaded |
| onpagehide | When user navigates away from a webpage |
| onpageshow | When user navigates to a webpage |
| onresize | When user resizes document view |
| onscroll | When user is scrolling an element’s scrollbar |
| onunload | When a page has unloaded |
| JavaScript Form Events | |
| onblur | When an element loses focus |
| onchange | When the content of a form element changes (for input, select, and textarea) |
| onfocus | When an element gets focus |
| onfocusin | When an element is about to get focus |
| onfocusout | When an element is about to lose focus |
| oninput | User input on an element |
| oninvalid | When an element is invalid |
| onreset | When a form is reset |
| onsearch | When a user types something in a search field (for input="search") |
| onselect | When user selects some text (for input and textarea) |
| onsubmit | When a form is submitted |
| JavaScript Drag Events | |
| ondrag | When user drags an element |
| ondragend | When user has finished dragging the element |
| ondragenter | When the dragged element enters a drop target |
| ondragleave | When the dragged element leaves the drop target |
| ondragover | When the dragged element is on top of the drop target |
| ondragstart | When user starts to drag an element |
| ondrop | Dragged element is dropped on the drop target |
| JavaScript Clipboard Events | |
| oncopy | When user copies content of an element |
| oncut | When user cuts an element’s content |
| onpaste | When user pastes content in an element |
| JavaScript Media Events | |
| onabort | When media loading is aborted |
| oncanplay | When browser can start playing media (e.g. a file has buffered enough) |
| oncanplaythrough | When browser can play through media without stopping |
| ondurationchange | When duration of media changes |
| onended | When media has reached its end |
| onerror | When an error occurs while loading an external file |
| onloadeddata | When media data is loaded |
| onloadedmetadata | When metadata (like dimensions and duration) is loaded |
| onloadstart | When browser starts looking for specified media |
| onpause | When media is paused either by user or automatically |
| onplay | When media has been started or is no longer paused |
| onplaying | When media is playing after having been paused or stopped for buffering |
| onprogress | When browser is in the process of downloading media |
| onratechange | When playing speed of media changes |
| onseeked | When user has finished moving/skipping to a new position in media |
| onseeking | When user starts moving/skipping |
| onstalled | When browser is trying to load unavailable media |
| onsuspend | When browser is intentionally not loading media |
| ontimeupdate | The playing position has changed (e.g. because of fast forward) |
| onvolumechange | When media volume has changed (including mute) |
| onwaiting | When media has paused but is expected to resume (for example, buffering) |
| Animation | |
| animationend | When CSS animation is complete |
| animationiteration | When CSS animation is repeated |
| animationstart | When CSS animation has started |
| Miscellaneous | |
| transitionend | When CSS transition is complete |
| onmessage | When a message is received through the event source |
| onoffline | When browser starts to work offline |
| ononline | When browser starts to work online |
| onpopstate | When the window’s history changes |
| onshow | When a menu element is shown as a context menu |
| onstorage | When a Web Storage area is updated |
| ontoggle | When user opens or closes the details element |
| onwheel | When mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element |
| ontouchcancel | When screen touch is interrupted |
| ontouchend | When user’s finger goes off touch screen |
| ontouchmove | When user drags a finger across the screen |
We consider JavaScript one of the top programming languages to master for the future. And we recommend diving into advanced concepts like JavaScript array methods once you have a grasp of the basics of JavaScript.
Image Credit: Oskar Yildiz on Unsplash
Read the full article: The Ultimate JavaScript Cheat Sheet
How adding wireless chips, motion and pressure sensors, displays, and machine learning to products like toothbrushes is changing our oral hygiene habits — It's easy to bristle at a $200 AI-powered toothbrush, but not for the reasons you might think. — In Las Vegas a couple weeks ago …
India's smartphone market surpassed the US, becoming the second-largest smartphone market globally, reaching 158M shipments in 2019, up 7% YoY — - realme (255%), Vivo (76%), Asus (67%) and OnePlus (29%) were the fastest-growing smartphone brands on an annual basis.
Report: Samsung's upcoming foldable smartphone, possibly called Galaxy Z Flip, to use “Ultra Thin Glass” with a Dynamic AMOLED display underneath — Samsung is preparing to launch its second foldable smartphone next month, and if you can believe it, more leaks are coming out for the device.
TechCrunch has found itself writing about layoffs at a few notable tech companies this week — and not just Softbank-backed ones. The focus is very much profits, as Alex Wilhelm summed up on Thursday, especially after the failed WeWork IPO and subsequent valuation and headcount decimation. We’ll be digging into the topic more soon but there does seem to be a certain consumery thread here. And perhaps some fears of negative macro trends bubbling up?
23andMe cut 16% or 100 people, citing slowing sales for DNA tests. Quora reduced an undisclosed number to focus on revenue.
Plenty of tech investors have criticized Softbank’s approach to writing large check for large valuations, but they can’t avoid the same fears these days. So does Mozilla, which had to cut 70 people this month after struggling to build revenue products.
It still all seems sort of normal given the very high valuations and recent reconsiderations, at least so far. Layoffs may very well continue this year in a way that is necessary and even healthy in the long run.
More on TechCrunch, from Alex:
23andMe and Mozilla are not alone, however. Playful Studios cut staff just this week, 2019 itself saw more than 300% more tech layoffs than in the preceding year and TechCrunch has covered a litany of layoffs at Vision Fund-backed companies over the past few months, including:
- Staff cuts at Zume, the startup famous for considering making mobile pizza robots
- Personnel reductions at Rappi, an e-commerce company
- Cuts at Getaround, a car rental service
- Layoffs at Oyo, a budget hotel unicorn
Scooter unicorns Lime and Bird have also reduced staff this year. The for-profit drive is firing on all cylinders in the wake of the failed WeWork IPO attempt. WeWork was an outlier in terms of how bad its financial results were, but the fear it introduced to the market appears pretty damn mainstream by this point. (Forsake hope, alle ye whoe require a Series H.)
Image: Bryce Durbin/TechCrunch
Fresh data sets are in on last year from Crunchbase, as well as PitchBook and the NVCA. Alex identified a few key takeaways: slightly lower early-stage fundings, a big global year overall, and some of the above WeWork-attributed drops already surfacing in the Q4 data over on TechCrunch.
I have to wonder what we really know right now, though. These are the best publicly-accessible funding databases out there, but many companies have stopped filing Form Ds with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in recent years, as Danny Crichton has been covering in this ongoing series. That was a main data source, especially about early-stage stealth companies.
The Crunchbase report goes over the global trend for the year, and that’s another confounding factor, actually — how trackable are startup funding dollars across borders these days? And how do you account for remote teams in that mix? And how do you account for crypto…?
If you are building a company now at any stage, the financial signs out now are not in my humble opinion ones to have any fear over. Especially relative to the other problems that are almost certainly in front of you.
There is a lot of money in VC now regardless of anything else, as the Pitchbook-NVCA report notes, and there will be for a long time.
As if on cue, we had a couple guest columnists provide articles about capital efficiency and recession-proofing your company. Shin Kim has a two-parter on TechCrunch and Extra Crunch, where he breaks down why most tech IPOs are not WeWork (in a good way) and how to pace your own fundraising regardless of anything else going on.
Schwark Satyavolu, meanwhile, digs into the best practices for startups in the next recession for Extra Crunch, starting with this brutal real-life intro:
I founded my first startup, Yodlee, in a strong economy with almost 20 competitors. Ten years and a painful recession later, we were the only game in town. Critical to our success was acquiring our largest competitor, something we never could have done in a strong economy because they never would have been willing to sell. The recession made it untenable for them to fundraise, enabling us not only to buy them, but to do so without cash in an all-equity deal.
Board representation is a hot topic for companies of all sizes and none other than Goldman Sachs said this week that it would only take companies public that had at least one underrepresented board member.
CEO David Solomon said that companies that had gone public in the last four years with at least one female board member did significantly better than those without, but Megan Dickey notes for Extra Crunch that’s not quite all the way towards the goal:
But the lack of people of color on boards is perhaps a more urgent issue. Late last year, a Crunchbase study found that 60% of the most funded VC-backed startups don’t have a single woman on their board of directors. But there are even fewer black people, let alone black women, on boards. A 2018 Deloitte study found that of the Fortune 100 companies, white men held 61.4% of board seats, white women held 19.1%, men of color had 13.7% of board seats and women of color had just 5.8% of board seats.
Connie Loizos, meanwhile, writes for TechCrunch that boards themselves are not all of the way towards the goal:
Let’s be real here. Directors of public companies typically meet just four times a year to review quarterly results. It’s important and necessary, sure. But beyond ensuring that strategic objectives are being met and hopefully making useful introductions to the company, these roles are assigned more importance by industry watchers than they should. (They often pay ludicrous amounts given the work involved, too.)
Even pledging that Goldman is only going to take public companies that give back — say 1% of future profits to the NAACP, as one idea — would instantly put the bank in pole position for those founders and investors who truly want to be progressive. Goldman might miss out on a lot of business in the immediate term, we realize, but we’re guessing it’s a gamble that would pay off over time.
Lame LPs, founder referenceability and the future of VC signaling (TC)
Why is everyone making OKR software? (EC)
Should tech giants slam the encryption door on the government? (TC)
Where top VCs are investing in adtech and martech (EC)
US mobile app subscription revenue jumped 21% in 2019 to $4.6B across the top 100 apps (TC)
Relativity Space could change the economics of private space launches (EC)
Can a time machine offer us the meaning of life? (TC)
Alex and Danny are back on Equity this week, here’s a menu before you listen to the episode here (and if you haven’t subscribed yet, you can do that here).
Why Front’s latest investment (a $59 million Series C) is a pretty big deal. Not because of how much money it has raised — the firm has raised more in a single, preceding round — but because of who put the capital to work.
On the venture capital front, Danny and Alex also chewed over signaling risk in venture, and why bigger funds are writing earlier and earlier checks.
Also on the docket was the latest from Lambda School, which our former co-host and friend Kate Clark wrote. The gist is that regardless of how you feel about the company, your views are probably a bit too negative, or a bit too positive. (More on the company’s ilk from Extra Crunch here, and here.)
And three media deals, including The Athletic’s latest investment ($50 million), who might buy the company behind the hit podcast “Serial” and why Spotify might buy The Ringer. Which is about sports, it turns out.
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Leila Janah, founder and CEO of Samasource, an SF-based machine learning training data company with a large workforce in East Africa, dies at 37 — The startup community has lost another moral leader today. — Leila Janah, a serial entrepreneur who was the CEO and founder …
Welcome back to ThisWeek in Apps, the Extra Crunch series that recaps the latest OS news, the applications they support and the money that flows through it all.
The app industry is as hot as ever with a record 204 billion downloads in 2019 and $120 billion in consumer spending in 2019, according to App Annie’s recently released “State of Mobile” annual report. People are now spending 3 hours and 40 minutes per day using apps, rivaling TV. Apps aren’t just a way to pass idle hours — they’re a big business. In 2019, mobile-first companies had a combined $544 billion valuation, 6.5x higher than those without a mobile focus.
In this Extra Crunch series, we help you keep up with the latest news from the world of apps, delivered on a weekly basis.
This week, there was a ton of app news. We’re digging into the latest with Apple’s antitrust issues, Tencent’s plan to leverage WeChat to fend off the TikTok threat, AppsFlyer’s massive new round, the booming subscription economy, Disney’s mobile game studio sale, Pokémon GO’s boost to tourism, Match Group’s latest investment and much more. And did you see the app that lets you use your phone from within a paper envelope? Or the new AR social network? It’s Weird App Week, apparently.
A federal jury in California reduces the damages Apple has to pay Canadian IP licensing company WiLan for infringing on two wireless patents from $145M to $85M — - Federal jury trial was limited to damages after 2018 verdict — Verdict is latest in decade-long saga over royalties
It’s time to make better choices in what we buy and consume. From using eco-friendly products to buying from companies that treat their workers fairly, here’s how you can find ethical alternatives to anything.
When we talk about making an ethical choice, there are different aspects to look at. For example, how a company behaves with its employees or a firm’s carbon footprint, or even how they treat animals. Importantly, you don’t need to be strict about ethical choices either. The first step is finding out what’s out there.
Ethical.net is one of the leading websites to find ethical alternatives to several technological brands, products, and services. It also features articles with different takes on ethical choices, such as a guide to foraging and the ethical and sustainable side of Christmas.
The Resources tab has the long list that you’re looking for. It deals with apps and tech services, such as email and search engines, broadband providers, streaming services, office tools, messaging, etc. But look closely for a few interesting choices.
For instance, it’s no secret that most major companies make smartphones in China where labor is exploited. And there are several privacy implications too.
Ethical.net suggests alternatives for smartphones that adhere to certain ethical standards, like the sustainable and ethical Shiftphone.
Apart from the readymade resources, the website also hosts an active forum where you can discuss such topics with like-minded people. You can learn from each other and find what ethical living is all about, plus get recommendations for things not on the lists.
Take Care is creating a platform for laypeople to discover companies that focus on sustainable methods and ethical practices. The fields range from food and health to large-scale projects like architecture or biotechnology.
There are so many ethical issues out there, and so many companies are tackling it in their own unique way.
For example, the simple toothpaste you use every day has questionable ingredients and is eventually packaged in non-recyclable plastic. So there’s a company called Bite that’s making zero waste toothpaste tablets, packaged in glass bottles.
It would be difficult to find out about a company like Bite without a platform like Take Care. There are a few featured companies on the main page but dive into the full list to discover innovative solutions to the problems we face today. You might find a simple way to make a difference with a small change.
The fashion, style, and beauty industries are notorious for ethical transgressions such as mistreatment of animals, unfair trade practices, and wasteful productions. But if you thought that looking good requires that compromise, a few websites are here to dispel that notion.
Eticaly and Good On You round up ethical fashion brands, and categorize them based on their values.
Eticaly filters them by eco-friendly, vegan, handmade, fair trade, and zero waste.
Good On You categorizes brands by the type of product, and measures each company’s impact on planet, people, and animals.
Go through the list to find specific issues like organic wear or reusing deadstock fabrics. Both are simple catalogs though, stating what each brand does and linking back to the official store.
r/EthicalFashion is a subreddit to discuss fashion and style choices that take some sort of an ethical stance. The community also maintains a master list of ethical fashion brands to add to what you’ll find at Eticaly or Good On You.
Plus, if you’re unsure about any fashion choice, you could ask others to look into it. It’s a fairly supportive subreddit that tries to help rather than preach.
Since 1989, Ethical Consumer magazine has been tracking how companies and products affect different problems such as climate impact, sustainability, fair trade, or human rights violations.
While primarily meant for the UK, the advice on the website is generally applicable anywhere in the world.
The magazine does an excellent job of investigating, scoring, and ranking the ethical and environmental records of several common products. These product guides are largely distributed in categories like energy, fashion and clothing, food and drinks, health and beauty, home and garden, money, retailers, technology, and travel.
In each category, you can also find a cheatsheet for the major issues affecting that industry. Ethical Consumer will explain, in simple terms, the problem and how you can make a difference.
The website also maintains a Boycotts List.
Campaign groups often call for consumers to boycott a certain brand or product due to an ethical violation. Ethical Consumer lists all of them in one page, with a quick explanation of why you should avoid it.
You don’t need to remember every single cause you want to support or brand you want to avoid. Google Chrome extension Platar will do that for you, suggesting an ethical alternative while shopping online.
Once you activate Platar, you get to choose from a list of campaigns started by organizations like PETA, Greenpeace, Clean Sugar Campaign, and even Ethical Consumer.
Sign up for those causes you believe in, and Platar will add products from their boycott list. You can even add campaigns yourself, but they’ll have to be approved by the app.
When you’re browsing Amazon or another shopping site and come across one of those products, the Platar icon turns red. Click the icon to find out why the product or brand is recommended for a boycott.
Platar also suggests a few alternatives from brands that aren’t on its no-no list. It’s a convenient way to keep shopping while retaining your conscience.
Download: Platar for Chrome (Free)
Being more aware of your purchase decisions is only one step in helping build a better planet. But it’s still an excellent step to take, especially for beginners. If you want to do more and go green, then check out these apps for a more eco-friendly lifestyle.
Image Credit: IgorVetushko/Depositphotos
Read the full article: 5 Sites to Find Ethical Alternatives to Tech, Fashion, and Unfair Brands
UK's science minister Chris Skidmore says the UK won't implement EU's Copyright Directive, which includes Article 13, after the country leaves the EU — One of the most intriguing aspects of Britain's departure from the European Union will be which elements of EU law will be dropped and retained …
